The Journal of Levi Lathrop Smith, 1847 - 1848 Edited by James Robert Tannis [full text of the diary follows Tannis' preface] [Transcribed 2003 by Roger Easton. Note: Excerpted text from Smith's Journal entries contains all mispellings, errors, etc. as in the original] May 17. the Eldest Sow was deliverd of Five Sow pigs. Oct. 26, rainy this morning. Sylvester just started for the falls to commence the mill. dug sum potatoes to day. Dec. 31. this is the last day of the year O time how art thou flying. rainy this morning nothing a doing rain continues all day I have seen no person today Since 1868 when the existence of the diary of Levi Lathrop Smith was first generally known, such brief excerpts as the above alone formed the picture of Olympia's first settler. The native poetry of Smith's writing and the hidden historical allusions in his diary were never available to excite the caual reader or the local historian. Ever since H. H. Bancroft noted the existence of this diary in his History of Washington, every history of early Washington has mentioned it, but, despite the positiveness with which these histories describe it, a comparison of the diary with Bancroft, Snowden, and all the others reveals that none of these historian saw or used the original manuscript. Smith, with his partner Edmund Sylvester, arrived on Puget Sound in the fall of 1846, and, before the following summer, the former realized the great potentialities of this newly viewed and yet unsettled wilderness. "...the facility this part of the country possesses as a commertial nead not be commented on", he wrote. "every person who has any idear of the locality of the country must be aware of its advantiges as a commertial country. the exporting of lumber from this part of the country at no subsequent period must form a very extensive and profitable buisiness and were the country settled at the preasant I have no [doubt] but what it would soon attract shipping to a larg extent." These and other chance jottings have now become significant clues in piecing together the story of the first days of the Americans in what is now the state of Washington. Smith's diary, much more adequately than latter-day descriptions, gives the real flavor of solitary pioneer life. American settlement north of the Columbia had scarcely begun when Smith arrived there in 1846. The first americans attempting reconnaissance of the Sount for settlement started north in December of 1844, but they were successful only in reaching the Cowlitz. The exporation was led by Michael T. Simmons, who with his band of settlers had come across the great expanse of the West from Missouri to Oregon. In July of the following year Simmons, whit a party of seven others, started again toward the Sound country, this time reaching it in the month of August. Soon after the arrival of this first group, the community was joined by a small immigration including four families. By the time of their arrival, Simmons had already staked out his claim where the town of Tumwater now stands; his claim he named New Market after a town he had left in Missouri. All the newcomers settled in the same general vicinity. Small groups sometimes of only two or three each, continued to migrate to the Sound during the months that followed. But during the first few years the region was never composed of more than a few scattered claims. In the meantime the Oregon government claimed the area north of the Columbia River, and, on December 19, 1845, it established, as Lewis County, all the land above the Columbia and west of the Cowlitz River. The region soon became important politically, for all Oregon awaited the decisive vote of Lewis County in the extremely close gubernatorial election of the 1846 session of the Provisional Government. As to occupations, most of the settlers in the county busied themselves with clearing their land claims and farming the prairie lands adjoining. In August, 1847, however, eight of these pioneers joined together to form the Puget Sound Milling Company -- the first corporate commercial venture in this new American settlement. The land selected for the mill was part of Simmons' New Market claim, and the following agreement was drawn up with him: Oregan Teritory Lewis County New Market. August 20th 1847. I, Michael T Simmons of said County do lease to the following persons Namely [M. T. Simmons, J. Ferguson, G. Jones, A. D. Carnefix, J. K. Kindred, B. F. Shaw, E. Sylvester, and A. B. Rabbeson] for the period of 5 years and ten if said Company shall think advisible the North-West part of my lower falls as a bilding spot for a sawmill for the said Company reserving to myself during the period of 5 years liquise [ i.e. likewise] extendingto 10 should said company desire no right or authority whatever any more than each induvidual of said Company is possessed of in testamony whereof I have signed my Name this 20th day of August 1847 before the following Witness L. L. Smith -Michael T. Simmons The company purchased the equipment for the mill from the Hudson's Bay Company for three hundred dollars in lumber which they delivered to the landing of Fort Nisqually at the enviable rate of sixteen dollars per thousand. As Smith notes in his diary, on October 25 Simmons was "elected supertendant of affares" of the company; and, on the next day, the co-partners commenced building the mill which they completed during that fall and winter. A threefold combination of events in 1848--the Mexican war, the Whitman massacre, and most important, the California gold discoveries--almost halted the growth of settlement around the Sound. As Smith notes, however, on June 14 of that year a small party of Oblate missionaries under Father Pascal Ricard arrived on the Sound, established at New Market under the patronage of St. Joseph, Ricard, assisted by Father Georges Blanchet and eight other Oblate missionaries, founded the mission on the east side of Budd Inlet next Smith's claim--the old site is now Olympia's Priest Point Park. Smith won public office in 1848 when Lewis County elected him representative to the Oregon Provisional Legislature. Unfortunately he died before he could begin his term of service; nor did he live to hear that on August 14 the United States Congress established Oregon with full territorial status. Of our diarist, almost nothing is known of his early life. He was born in New York State; and, it was said, he had there studied for the Presbyterian ministry--though, as will be seen, this is quite unlikely. He emigrated early to Wisconsin, where, so the story goes, he became attached to a half-breed girl of Catholic faith. Under opposition to this affair he moved to Oregon where, in 1845, he met Edmund Sylvester. Sylvester, born in Maine in 1820, journeyed to Oregon in 1843, and, after meeting Smith, came with him in October, 1846, to Puget Sound. They soon placed their land claims, establishing them in partnership. Under the law this meant that each owned half share in the other's claim, and, upon the death of either one, both claims were to pass to the survivor. Sylvester staked his claim on the edge of Chambers' Prairie, while Smith located his where Olympia now stands. The latter moved on his claim on October 20, 1846, and soon erected there his cabin about sixteen feet square, two miles from the extreme head of Budd Inlet, near present Capitol way between today's State and Olympia Avenues. The land along the shore, north of what is now State Avenue, was then occupied during the winter months by between 250 and 300 Duwamish Indians--though they were usually not there at the same time. The Smith claim was in the midst of a heavily timbered coastal region with his nearest American Neighbors at Tumwater, at that time still New Market. Access to these nearby settlers required tramping through the woods, for a trail was not blazed to this New Market settlement until August 24, 1848--a few days before Smith's death. In the summer of 1847 he wrote of his claim: In it you will find one house built of split cedar, with a stone fire-place and a stick chimney. It is covered with four-foot shingles put on with weightpoles. It has three lights and one door, with a rough puncheon floor, made of split cedar, with a closet and a bed-room made of the same materials. The furniture consists of two tables, one bedstead, which is made by boring holes in the side of the house and driving in sticks, three benches and two half-pint tin kettles, one basin and a trencher. The enclosure, two acres of land, with one and a half under cultivation, with corn, beans, pumpkins, squashes, potatoes, peas, turnips, cabbages, melons, cucumbers, beets, parsnips, carrots, onions, tomatoes, radishes, lettuce, parsley, sweet fennel, peppergrass, summer savory and sunflowers. The out-houses, one hog house and one hen-house, with five hogs, three pigs, seven hens, a cock, cat and a dog, one yoke of oxen and two horses. [This reading of the descripstion is taken from the Washington Standard (Olympia) of February 1868. It is there ascribed to Sylvester, but from its form and content it is apparently one of the notes that Smith wrote to occupy his lonesome hours.] The claim he called Smith Field, and, as seen above, he had soon cleared it sufficiently to farm. This soil [he wrote] is admirable adapted for potatoes partickualy the prairie soil garden vegitables thrive most luxuriously this county taken generly possesses one great advantage the power of retaining and exhaling during the dry season a certin quantity of humidity which is emited in gread abdundance [during] the warm season thereby enabling the vegatation to withstan the effects of caloric which is so strongly intermixed with the atmosphere. but the most important part of the country for agriculture unquestionably is the timberland. this is composed of an a an adheasive and strong clay the surface for sum considerable distance is coverd with decayed vegatation and when mixed with the clay is rich and productive. The account of Smith in the Washington Centennial Booklet states that he was cultured and solitary. In conversation, in all likelihood, he appeared cultured, for even his brief diary entries reveal a large vocabulary for a Northwest frontiersman. His spelling and grammar, however, as will be seen, are quite another matter and betray the fact that his formal education was probably quite brief. In spite of his poor spelling, he managed, nevertheless, to portray in writing the extreme state of his loneliness and the odd searchings of his mind. On one of the miscellaneous notes that accompany his diary he writes, "Now as I sat alone viewing that Most Misterious form of Man, an intercourse commensed between those light and airy formes which once had formed the thinking part of Man it seamed a thing so strange for that for sum time I could not decide the reality" Though the precise meaning escapes the reader, the fascination of the wording alone can scarcely help but charm. If the diary is perused slowly--and it can be meaningful only when read that way--many such finely turned phrases will great and please the reader. As has been noted, this lonely settler died before Smith Field grew to a population larger than "two". Bancroft says that Smith's canoe overturned and he drowned; Snowden writes that he was found dead in his boat. In either case the epilepsy which had so long harassed his life undoubtedly caused his death at the end of August, 1848. Though he entered in his diary that March 6 was his birthday, no information previously noted agreement, passed to his partner Sylvester. Smith falling out on March 11. In addition, on one of his doodle sheets, Smith whets the reader's appetite by commenting to [?] Sylvester, "Edmund you are a fine fellow and that is not all. you are given to committing that heinous act so expressly forbidden by sacred write of that lothsum practice which I much fear will cut assunder the bond of friendship betwene you and all virtous persons." Beyond this brief fragment the reader is left to speculation. On Smith's death Sylvester abandoned his own prairie claim, took over Smith Field, and two years later (1850) he platted the town of Olympia. The name, suggested by Hugh Allan Goldsborough who did the definitive survey of Olympia in 1850, was taken from the Olympic range of mountains, so beautifully visible from the budding settlement. The manuscript itself is written mostly on large sheets of paper, 16" by 13", folded to half their size. In spite of the difficulties afforded by an almost total lack of punctuation and "unique" spelling, the diary is, with effort, legible throughout. In addition to his sparing use of punctuation, Smith uses commas for apostrophes, and his 1/2 he very originally inverts. These peculiarities have been retained as he wrote them, though, in this printing, unpunctuated sentences have been set off from each other by generous spacing. A possibility of variant readings in some spots has made this difficult, but it is hoped that what has been done will be an aid for the reader. When Smith uses superior letters in his date headings, they are usually illegible, and so where he indicates he wants one, the correct form has been supposed. The original capitalizations and spelling have been carefully retained, and all emendations in the text have been noted. With the exception of some completely insignificant jottings--a few of wich interestingly enough are in Chinook--Smith's writing are here reproduced in toto. There are no omissions whatever from the text of the diary. Snowden says of the diary that it includes details of the agreement with Sylvester; if this is true, those sheets are now missing, and there is no way to determine whether he actually wrote any entries covering this missing period. The whereabouts of the manuscript for the twenty years following Smith's death is not known. That the previously quoted comment on Sylvester was not destroyed would lead to the supposition that the papers had not come into Sylvester's possession. The earliest knowlege of them are now extant is that Elwood Evans obtained them during the latter part of February, 1868. From whom he received them, he leaves no information. Evans compiled comments on the diary and excerpts from it which appeared in the Washington Standard (Olympia) in 1868 All references to it since that time appear to be based on the Evans article rather than on an examination of the manuscript itself. (Such a description is found in the Centennial Commemorative Booklet previously alluded to.) Where Snowden got his information, noted above, is not known, though perhaps it is from conjecture rather than fact. The manuscript remained in Evans' keeping until his death, at which time it was stored, with the rest of his invaluable historical collection, on his daughter's property. There the collection remained lost for all practical purposes until brought to light by the late Winlock William Miller, Jr., grandson of William Winlock Miller of early territorial fame. In accordence with the wishes of Winlock, Jr., this outstanding collection was presented to his alma mater, Yale University; and now, through the courtesy of the Yale Library, this diary is printed for the historian's information and the chance reader's enjoyment. Journal of Levi L. Smith 1847 May 17, the Eldest Sow was deliverd of Five Sow pigs. Wenesday 19 sumwhat recoverd from my illness sum prospect of regaining helth. this indisposition has prostrated Me more than any heartofore. Sunday 23 quite indisposed as yet [September] Monday 27th a betiful day. seen one canoe going down. nothing a sturing in the least. another canoe just gon down the bay. just the old-woman cam with Salmon bought eleven. just Mr Foards Son [1] came to see about Mr Handcocks [2] canoe returned again to the praire. Tuesday 28th a beautiful day. quite unwell this morning Mr Wanch [3] Jack and Mr Fords son came this Morning a going to the Fort. [Fort Nisqually, the Hudson's Bay Company post near Steilacoom is usually referred to in this diary simply as "Nisqually" or "the Fort.] Wednesday 29th a fine day very much indisposed in helth this morning very ill day. Thirsday 30th A beautiful day Mr. Crocket [4] was hear to day staid till after dinner. [October] Friday 1st a fine day Mr Wanch and Mr Foard Just started from here. helth sum what better today found one pig dead and kild one Saturday 2nd a rainy morning helth gaining. nothing sturing one cano with a sail going down the bay and one a going up this afternoon this is melancholy. Sunday 3rd a rainy day have seen one cano going down the Bay helth improving. commensed letting the Calf suck again last night to see the effect on the Cow. Much better in helth this is a steady rain. the flowing of the tide is commensing. Monday 4th a rany day one Cano going down early this Morning. last night the Cow commenced giving thick and curdled Milk gave only a few spunfuls the Calf is sucking she dous not appear to have much Affection for it dous not lick it nor pay any attention to it neither dous she eat much I think she is unwell. one Cano just a going up the bay. the rain desends steady. Tuesday 5th the Rain desends regular nothing a sturing. left off Milking the Cow last night the Milk is thick and curdled. and she dous not give more than a pint including what the Calf sucks gethering the Squashes this afternoon. I have seen one Cano going up this afternoon. found two dead Pigs to day. helth is improving I am much better than I was two days ago. the rain descends refreshing. Another lodded Cano going down the Bay the Indians are all buisy caching Salmon Wednesday 6th quit a fine day three or four Canoes has been up and down the bay this forenoon. this is pleasant. last night the Cow remained out. the Wind is at the Northend. another Pig is just died only two remaining. Thirsday 7th Just been to dinner quit a good day. nothing as yet a sturing have not seen the least thing passing it is now 4 Oclock and their is a Cano just a going up with three Indians in it. this is the first to day. Friday 8th A beautiful day. Sylvester has just arived. In good helth. it will not be twenty-eight days until Monday next [that he has been away]. I had not the least expation of seeing him before a week or fortnight at least. their has been two Canoes down and three up this afternoon. this is a beautiful day. Saturday 9th a beautiful day Sylvester just started after the Cattle Canoes traveling up and down the bay. Sunday 10th rather lowry all day. rather indisposed all day. this evening Sylvester and an Indian arrived with the Cows Monday 11th a fine day nothing a sturing. except bying cramberys of the Squaws. and cleaning the things arived. Tuesday 12th a fine day diging the sellar. bought cramberys of the Indians. Iam banking up the house Wednesday 13th Sylvester has just started for [Fort] Nesqualy. nothing a sturing. finished banking the house 3 Oclock Thirsday 14th Rainy early in the Morning but cleard up and a find day. have seen one Cano very still all day. Friday 15th Rather lowery in the Morning sum indications of rain. but a fine day. very dull all day nothing a moving. it is now half past four and not the least thing opperating. the Cattle are in fine grasing went over their on Wednesday Saturday 16th Nothing a doing no travling of any consequence Kimsey [5] came after Sylvester for to repay for work Sunday 17th Iill helth partickilary in the Morning dull and still all day. Monday 18th compleated the Cellar. all ready for potatoes. Tuesday 19 to day Sylvester is gon to repay work for Kimsey. to day commensed diging the potatoes all of them as yet small Wednesday 20th A fine day Mr Packwood [6] an another yong Man just started for Nisqualy stopt here all night. this is a beautiful day nothing in the least a doing. Thirsday 21st a fine day diging potatoes nothing a doing Friday 22nd a fine day diging potatoes Mr Handcock just arived. nothing a sturing Saturday 23rd commensed putting up the barn Sunday 24th Rather a lowry day Mr Sheperd [7] has ben here to day yesterday several ware at the raising. Mr Packwood, Simmons [8], Robertson [9], Ferguson [10] Crocket, Kendred [11], Sheperd. Silvester has ben up on the prairie to Mr Joneses [12] got a quantity of beef Monday 25th a fine day Sylvester has gon up to the falls to organise and choose a supertendant or overseer for the company Just returned Mr Simmons elected supertendant of the affares. Mr Packwood remained all night. Tuesday 26th rainy this morning. Sylvester just started for the falls to commence the mill. dug sum potatoes to day. Wednesday 27th a beautiful Morning commensed diging potatoes very erly dug until twelve then commensed raining. all alone. Thirsday 28th Rainy all day diging potatoes. very disagreeable enough as I have suffered the consequences. Friday 29 Rainy all day cold and disagreeable Saturday 30th exceeding rainy sylvester just arrived Sunday 31st Rainy and lowry all day diging potatoes all day. Sylvester chinking up the Barn. started for the falls in the evening with Cabbage. Monday 1 of November. diging potatoes clear in the afternoon the Boat just started for the fort Mr Kendred is gone Tuesday 2nd rainy in the afterpart of the day diging potatoes Wednesday 3rd a beautiful day diging potatoes strong breeze from the North a heavy frost in the Morning Thirsday 4 a fine day to day at Noon finished the potatoes. Friday 5. Rainy nearly all the day warking and mending. Saturday 6 Rainy in the forepart of the day Nothing a sturing. Sylvester arived in the evening. cold and winterish. Sunday 7th a cold day Sylvester just started for the falls after killing two ducks. thought it would be to cold in the morning Mr Handcock started for the prairie to borrow a saw. Monday 8 quite a pleasant day gethering the Carrots and Beets still an gloomy nothing a sturing seen no living Mortal as yet. Tuesday 9th A beautiful day. this Morning two Indians came here after Mr. Handcock Wednesday 10th A beautiful day quit indisposed. in helth to day and last night. the dog has followed sum Indians to day. Thursday 11th A Clowdy day. quite unwell to day nothing a sturing no persons but Indians in sight Friday 12 a lowry Morning And a Rainy day quite unwell Saturday 13th A Rainy day sumwhat better Sylvester arrived Ratterson and George [13] came likewise Sunday 14th A Rainy day Making Sourcrout quite indisposed in helth to day not able to set up all day Monday 15 A good deal improved in helth. I Must have had A Very severe time to have prostrated Me so several [days] in succession Mr Handcock was here untill 6 in the evening Sylvester did not cum. I do not feel right to day although I am about. Tuesday 16 helth sumwhat mended althoughg I am not exackly aright yet My head is still confused and I sum of the time hardly know what I am doing it is just a week to night since I was taken. Mr Handcock has been here and Milked and cut some wood Sylvester arived likewise. and I think I shall improve. Wednesday 17th Indications of a clear day helth improving Thirsday 18 A Rainy day helth improving gradualy No person has been here this day Sylvester has been here all day Friday 19th this Morning Sylvester has gon to the falls. I feel Much better and I think it will gradualy leave me. Mr Handcock was not up yesterday. Nor as yet [today]. I feel much better this afternoon. this is A beautiful day. Saturday 20th A Rainy Morning and indications of Rain. commensed about three in the morning. I feel much better both in Body and Mind. and can I ever render the gratitude which is due to Nature,s Author for this. No Involved I am but this consolation the Benefactor is Mercy and in the harangue of the Poet to thee belongs all adoration for thy Vast form embrases all that lives. it is now Eleven and it still continues [rainy]. Mr. Handcock has just started for the Cowlitz. I am all alone and am subject to a curious sensation at times lonsum Tides very high. nothing a sturing I think my helth is improving all the time things look more rational. Sunday 21. A Rainy day helth improving. Nothing of interest a sturing contentment prevailing. Mr Handcock arived not A going to the Cowlitz remained all Night. still continues to rain. Monday 22nd Raining. Sylvester started this morning at half-past three. helth improving. Handcock staid last Night Tuesday 23 helth improving A fine day I have been butting up the loft in the Barn employment if not too hard has A tendancy I think to bennefit the mind and to proppegate strength to the Animal functions. but great caution must be avoided in too much excitement. Wednesday 24 A Beautiful day. helth still improving in Mind and body. I have been gethering the Cabages this Morning. nothing a sturing Thirsday 25 Indication of rain. Mr Foards two sons just started for Nisqualy. been very buisy to day Friday 26 A beautiful day arose at three A Most Heavnly Morning. Mr. McAlester [14] has been here and left me 1/4th of a Pig gave him sum turnips and two Squashes Jack Steavens also feel on the gain. Nov. Saturday 27th Rain commensed this morning at 6 2/1 Indications of a rainy day. Mr Foards Sons arived last Night a Seven from Nesqualy remained all night started at Six this morning. feel remarkabley brilliant in spirits [and] body liquise [i.e., likewise]. the influence which the human bodys has on each other is demonstrative of wisdom to an ulimitable extent. Sunday 28th A lowrey day indications of rain all day. Sylvester came holm last night. helth rather improving. nothing of interest. Monday 29th A Rainy day. Sylvester started this morning for the falls. Mr Handcock moved down to his place Tuesday 30th this is the last fall day rather lowrey sum rain last night. this is A dull way of spending wht few moments appertains to this life every day is one the less although little is thought that wee are one day nearer the fatal Gulf. I have not seen but one person to day and that was an Indian Mr Handcock came last night and remained untill twelve Wednesday December 1st 1847 This is the first day of Winter. dense and lowrey sum indications of rain. helth improving. the Boat just gone again to Nisqually. still continues clowdy Mr came up and returned again Thirsday 2nd A beautiful Morning. nothing a sturing helth improving. dull and melancholy nothing a sturing solitude of death reigning. the effect on the Mind has an unfavorable result and increasing Just seen two Canoes with three Indians. this is A Most delightful afternoon it is now 3 1/2 Friday 3rd Rather thick over head. not in very good health this Morning had A Slight Turn of falling sickness between 9 and 9 not however very severe soon revived. Another turn which lasted a few minuits. this afternoon feel rather dull Saturday 4th feel Much better this Morning Rather a dens day nothing A moving at all. Sunday 5th A Rainy day. Sylvester came last night helth on the gain Monday 6th had a fine starlight night and A beautiful day. Sylvester started this morning at six my helth is on the gain considering. Tuesday 7th rather clowdy. nothing A moving helth about the same no material difference in Mind. . Wednesday 8 had a storrmy day just came from the falls with Mr Handcock rather stormy no difference in helth nor mind as I know. Thirsday 9th A Misty day. Mr. Handcock just gone holm. helth about the same. nothing a sturing about twelve th rain commenced Friday 10th Rainy in the morning. helth rather improving nothing a sturing. quit buisy. Saturday 11th A beautiful Morning. had a cold Snowy Night untill about twelve then cleard up most Hevenly. I arose at half-past two to contumplate the Heavens never did it appear to me those shining orbs looked so beautiful. the reflections brought on an enthusiastick feeling and sleep departed from me and had it not been for one thing I should have enjoyed the Sight. Mr Handcock came up in the evening to see me and remaind untill half past seven. the wind blowing quit hard when he came up and after being up a short ime it increased. he however thinking he could proceed safly started holm. the wind blowing all the time but in the Morning not seeing any smoke I began to think it might have proved fatal to him and it was not for sum time before I could purswade myself but what I was subject to Mental Hallucination. this is A beautiful day I feel much better to day than I have for a long time. the Author of Nature is deserving of all Admiration. Sunday 12th last night Sylvester came holm. a fine day for winter feel quite well. nothing sturing Monday 13th A windy morning. Sylvester just started for the falls. feel very well. nothing sturning Tuesday 14th A beautiful Morning feel better all the time. have seen one Indian Cano this Morning Several this afternoon. just finshed work. rather dull and disquieted nothing moving Wednesday 15th indications of rain feel quite spirited. one Canoe just past. Just found the Calf dead got cast in the creek and the tide arose over it several Indians sailing about the bay Thirsday 16th hasthe appearance of a fine day. feel uncommonly well both in body and spirits Friday 17th Rainy this morning and the appearance of continuing been buisy in strengthing the jois in the Barn and in pulling the turnups. Indians have been here with ducks to day. Saturday 18th Indications of a fine day. arose at three to bake. been very buisy this Morning in looking after the cattle non of them came holm last night. this morning went out and [found] Muly and Piabald [two of Smith's cows] neither did the Boar come last night. Sunday 19th Sylvester came last Night. helth about the same. very misty all day nothing a moving Monday 20th this Morning the boat started for Nisqualy. Sylvester with it. helth about the same. rather low in spirits. Mr Handcock assisted me in fixing the barn. putting under studs this is a dull day Tuesday 21st A fine day feel quite Well. buisy in pulling Turnups all day nothing a sturing. Wednesday 22nd a beautiful day Winter Solstice. to day left of milking Polly Deram. Thursday 23 a thick day I have got the Indians assisting me in pulling the turnups. Muly and Polly Deram did not cum holm last night neither have they came yet. An they have just came. Fraday 24th Misty this morning. rather uwell this Morning. quite indesposed in the Night though on the whol rather better. nothing A doing. this is a glorious evening the Sun defuses his radiance in splender Saturday 25th this [is] Chrstmass. rather thick over head nothing as yet a moving. there has been two Squwas here Esther [15] has been here today. the Indians have been here all day a trading. Sunday 26th rather still. Mr Rabberson came holm last night with Sylvester who got holm from the Fort last thursday morning quit early in the morning Monday 27th this morning Sylvester started for the falls had a slight turn of falling sickness in bead knew nothing of it untill Sylvester apprised me of it this morning. the Indians came to pull the turnups this Morning. it is now twelve Oclock and they have just finished. Tuesday 28th Rainy this morning. the Cows have not came yet.f been several Indians here to day diging potatoes not much A moving except I had a little dispute with an old Indian this afternoon Wednesday 29th Snowy all day. found the cows this morning Nothing a doing no Indians about to day all silent Thirsday 30th Snowing the Morning. all silent untill Mr Kinsey came and got four bushels of turneps this afternoon Mr. Handcok came quite lively Friday 31st this is the last day of the year O time how art though flying. rainy this Morning nothing a doing rain continues all day I have seen no person to day [1848] Saturday 1st of Jan this begins the year. rainy all night rather indisposed last Night Sunday 2nd A beautiful day Mr Carnefix [16] and Johnathan Logan [17] was here. Sylvester went up this evening Monday 3rd a fine day nothing a Moving nowhare Tuesday 4th a fine clear day and very cold have not seen a single person through the day Wednesday 5th A beautiful day Sylvester came this eveing and fetched the ax remained only a few minutes Mr Melvin [18] came also and pased over to Mr Handcocks Thirsday 6 A beautiful day still and lonely nothing A doing Just finished Bushes [19] Cap. he Squaws have been a carring the turnips tops into the Calf pasture this afternoon and I ave paid them in poptatoes bought a basket of them Friday indications of rain rather indsposed in helth. verry still this Morning Indians just came een trading with them. Muly has just been delivered of a bull Calf. helth miserable all day Saturday 8th helth much better indications of Rain Mulys Calf is in good order this Morning. the Indians have came this Morning to build a house just above. last night the Watch ran down just got it A going Sunday 9th Sylvester came this Morning. A pleasant day. the Boat just past by. trading with the Indians Monday 10th rainy commensed in the night. Sylvester just gone to the falls. very still. helth quit good this Morning. Tuesday 11th rainy in the Morning dul and still nothing moving. making the hog-house in the garden Clear and sun shining sum of the time in the after-part of the day and hevy showers accompayned with hale led the Sows in the Garden this afternoon Muly and Piable also. this is beautiful weather Wednesday 12th rainy. in good spirits liquise helth of body. very still this Morning no person in sight this afternoon several Squaws have been skinning that dead Calf. the speckled sow brought forth 9 pigs I got up between 10 and 11 and took care of them trove out the white Sow the rain came down in torents drove away the Bull in the calf pasture Thirsday 13th rainy discoverd water in the cellar the Sow has 6 pigs helth good. nothing moving as yet Friday 14th began to snow in the night continued untill 10 in the Morning then began to rain. the water in the cellar discontinued. Rabberson and Shaw [20] called going to the fort for the powder bag removed the hog pen. the rain descends in torrents. all the bigs are now dead but three kiled one to day Saturday 15th Rain still continues. not in very good helth this Morning. still no one a sturing but Indians Sunday 16th rainy Indians came to traid. not in good helth. Sylvester has not came yet this Morning the white Sow had 10 pigs about 5 in the morning all in good helth. I gave two of them to the spekled Sow Indians came this Morning to traid had sum difficulty with one of them he very sone came to termes Monday 17th A beautiful Morning. in good helth. nothing A sturing untill Rabberson and Shaw returned from Nisqualle. A Beautiful afternoon. the Indians Doctrin the sick this afternoon Mr Handcock just returned from working on the road remained all night. Tuesday 18th a delightful Morning rather coll and frosty. in good helth nothing but Indians A moving. Handcock just gone holm. been trading with the Indians. Indications of rain clowdy Wednesday 19th A clowdy Morning not in very good helth though not realy sick very still and dul Thirsday 20th A beautiful Morning Had a heavely night. in very good helth this morning nothing a moving. it has been a fine day not seen A canoe passing down the bay hardly an Indian untill about 6 in the evening when a Squaw came in great fear of mind telling me that the Snohomas indians were a cumming to kill them sum went of on the water and sum in the woods secreting themselves sum took the musket. the whol turned out an Indian fright Friday 21st in good helth and spirits thank the auther of Nature nothing a moving yet Saturday 22nd Indications of a good day. In good helth and spirits thank that Eternal cause of all good that moving principle of Life Sunday 23rd a beautiful Morning and continued so nearly all day. last night Rabberson came down with Sylvester to make a pare of shoes for Sylvester but left is awl he and sylvester went back again in the afternoon. nothing a doing still and lonsum. this is A disagreeable way of spending life. Monday 24th A pleasant morning nothing A sturing been buisy all the morning. began to rain twards night Tuesday 25th A fine warm Morning been contemplating the heavens this Morning the Moon and the shining Stars [also] the old Woman [at present the Old Woman remains a mystery] has just came bag and bagage to build the house. in good helth and spirits. Wednesday 26th rainy. feel rather langued weekness at the breast. nothing a sturing. very stormy Thirsday 27th stormy and windy in good helth and spirits thank the bountiful giver of all good and mercy Friday 28th rainy all the Morning it is now twelve in good helth and spirits nothing a sturing. became quite clear at the going down of the sun. had considerable snow in the night cold and clear Saturday 29th quite clear sum snow on the ground clold the sun bids fare to dispel the cold and Snow Melvin has just gone from here. quite pleasant. Sylvester has just came with the flower. Sunday 30th not in very good helth nothing a doing. commenced raining this afternoon. Monday 31st rather rainy Sylvester just gone to the falls not in very good helth. nothing a doing Feb Tuesday 1st quite a pleasant Morning this is the first day of Feb in very good helth and spirits To day more Indians has moved here. this is a pleasant afternoon ver still nothing doing Wednesday 2nd Misty nothing as yet a doing. very good helth. been trading sum. turned out beautiful day Thirsday 3rd A delightful Morning. in good helth. very silent. Sylvester just proceeded to the fort Mrs. Jones [21] and sum others in a Canoe. came misty this afternoon. feel dul and lonsum Friday 4th A fine day not in very good helth very still nothing a doing Sylvester has just came from the Fort. went yesterday and returned again to day Saturday 5th A beautiful morning in very good helth not much of anything a sturing Sylvester came holm rather late in the evening from the Mill nothing A moving Sunday 6th Quite a pleasant day not much a doing the day appeard very short to Me. Monday 7th Sylvester just gone to the Mill a beautiful day. in good helth and spirits Tuesday 8th Misty all day the bull is dead this morning the Indians are skining him for the body Wednesday 9th A very high tide this Morning cleard off very pleasant not in very good helth Thursday 10th quite A pleasant Morning in much better helth this Morning. not much A sturing Friday 11th Clowday all day nothing A doing. very buisy all day Myself feel miserable to day Saturday 12 A fine day. bought A Cat to day in better helth this Morning Sylvester came holm this evening Carnafix [and] Logan likewis remained all night went down the bay Sunday 13th a fine day. Carnafix [and] just gone. helth much beter. trading with Indians. Monday 14th Sylvester just gone to the falls. rainy. in good helth. Nothing a doing of importance Tuesday 15th indications of a fine day. in good helth and spirits. Mr Handcock just arived Feb. Wednesday 16th Sylvester just gone to the prairie to Sow the grain. quite warm and pleasant. in good helth to day nothing as yet A sturing of any consequence. Mr Handcock came this afternoon. Thirsday 17th rainy most of the time Sylvester just started for the prairie with grain. black pig dead. Friday 18th A delightful Morning in good helth and spirits. nothing of importance operating Saturday 19th Rainy very still nothing a doing. in good helth and spirits. been quite buisy all day Sunday 19th indications of rain. not in very good helth had A slight turn of falling sickness this Morning did not however continue long feel quite well at the preasant. Monday 21st quite a fine Morning helth quite good nothing as yet a doing had A beautiful fine day Tuesday 22 A delightful day. had two slight turnes of falling sickness last night in the bed in good helth and spirits to day I was not aware of having any untill told by Mr Handcock Wednesday 23rd A fine day in good helth been trading sum with the Indians to day Tursday 24th A fine day Shaw and Fergersun just started up the bay stayed all Night news from Nisqualy relative to the Indians sum hostilities expected from sum of the upland tribes Friday 25th A butiful day. had A slight turn of falling sickness last night in bead feel well to day Saturday 26th a butiful day in good helth nothing of importance a doing Sunday 27th indications of rain. Sylvester did not com holm last night. considerable excitement Monday 28th A still misty morning nothing a doing sylvester has not yet came. just arived this minuit Tuesday 29 indications of a fine day Sylvester just started for the falls in good helth. nothing a doing March 1st Wednesday 1st A pleasant day. helth as good as usual. nothing of importance transacting untill the arival of Sylvester and Dow [22] Sylvester has came holm to live Thirsday 2nd indications of rain. very buisy. nothing of importance transacting to day Friday 3rd indications of rain. buisy in planting the gardin. not in very good helth. Saturday 4 indications of rain in hood helth Dow and Handcock arived last night in the evening Sunday 5 A delightful day in good helth and spirits trading with the Indians considerable Monday 6 indications of rain. This is my birth day. in good helth and spirits have been very buisy all day Tuesday 7 Misty. in good helth and spirits very still nkothing of importance occuring Aapril showers. Wednesday 8 rainy nothing of importance as yet occuring in good helth. very still. trading sum little with the Indians Thursday 9 rainy not in extream good helth. still nothing extreordinary in operation Sylvester did not cum holm last night Friday 10 clowdy Mr Handcock just started for the falls. Sylvester did not cum last night. neither the cows all came this morning. Saturday 11 quite a fine day Sylvester came last night had a contest not however many words. still day Sunday 12 a beautiful day Sylvester came last night. good helth and spirits nothing of importance occuring Monday 13 a beautiful day fine helth very still Wing [23] and Handcock just gone Tuesday 14 A delightful day. the Indians just returned the Canoe boght canoe of the Indians to day for a Shirt sum peas [and] potatoes Wednesday 15 indications of rain been trading with the Indians this Morning. Oens Bush [24] just gone to Handcock Thirsday 16 A beautiful day very still this Morning. Mr Handcock left for the Willamett. nothing of importance Friday 17 rather showrey. in good helth. nothing of importance occuring very still Saturday 18 A fine day nothing transacting. to work in the gardin. in good helth and spirits. very still Sunday 19 A fine day nothing of importance doing. Simmons and King [25] came this afternoon Monday 20 Sylvester and Simmons started for Nisqualy. blustering sum of the time. nothing a doing last night Kimsey arived here. commensed planting the potatoes this morning. very buisy today Tuesday 21 rainy all the day King just left for the falls. in good helth. not much a doing Wednesday 22 Snowy Mr. Simmons just started for the falls. very buisy all day. in good helth. nothing doing. Thirsday 23 A fine day buisy in planting the gardin. nothing a doing. in good helth and spirits improving. Friday 24 a beautiful day. planting. very stil the Indians are remarkabley dormant. in good helth Saturday 25 quite a pleasant day buisy in planting in good helth. the bay is very still. no Indians a sturing Sunday 26 rather blustring. enjoying good helth and spirits. nothing of importance transacting Sylvester at holm Monday 27 indications of a fine day. potatoes taken to the falls 10 Bus [i.e., bushels] buisy in planting and house hold affares Tuesday 28 rainy not much a doing in good helth bery vins in planting the potatoes Wednesday 29 a fine day. not in very good helth had to of my turnes lanst night in bedd feel rather dul Thirsday 30 very still. engaged in planting. shwry all day. not in extream good helth. had a very melancholy day Friday 31 rainy. Sylvester did not cum holm last night. not in good helth. everything is still nothing opperating Saturday 1 of April rainy and clowdy. Sylvester came holm last night. every thing extreemly still Sunday 2 A fine day Mr Chambers [26] came here last night. Sylvester gone to the prairie not in very good helth Munday 3 a beautiful day helth improving very still nothing a doing very buisy all day in house-work Tuesday 4 sum indications of rain been to the prairie to day been to see the Judges [27] had quite an agreeable visit Wednesday 5 appearance of rain. in good helth nothing a moving rather lonsum. A gardning sum litle Thirsday 6th very heavy rain in the Morning. Sylvester did not go up untill 9 this Morning. quite buisy. helth improving Friday 7 rainy. helth improving remarkable still making Sylvesters vest. just started. Saturday 8 A beautiful day making a vest. nothing of importance occuring in good helth. Sunday 9 a delightful day. My Man to holm all day had a pleasant day in good helth likewise Monday 10 A fine day commensed planting the potatoes on the south side of the gardin. in good helth nothing sturing Tuesday 11 A fine day buisy in planting potatoes. nothing of importance transacting. in very good helth Wednesday 12 A delightful day. in good helth making the gardin. nothing a transacting getting warm Thirsday 13 a fine day. in good helth and spirits the heavens are profusious in effluvium Friday 14 A fine day in good hleth. Simmons, Sylvester [and] Fergersun just started for Nisqually Saturday 15 A beautiful day fell rather dull. very still nothing sturing untill Simons returned from Nisqually Sunday 16 A beautiful day in good helth. going up to the falls just returned from the falls fine day Monday 17 indications of rain. not in very good helth every thing dormant. helth improving this evening Tuesday 18 been writing all day. not in extream good helth. Wednesday 19 a beautiful day helth improving writing all day Thursday 20 A fine day good helth and spirits. buisy in writing Friday 21 buisy in writing and planning. likewise in the gardin Saturday 22 a fine day very still working the gardin Sunday [23] been to the falls this morning Sylvester planting the corn Monday 23 [i.e., 24] been to the falls to sign the contract with Simmons he refused to sign. helth quite good rainy by showrs Tuesday 24 [i.e., 25] clowdy. nothing a sturing. buisy all day in the house Wednesday 25 [i.e., 26] a fine day good helth nothing of importance doing Thirsday 26 [i.e., 27] A fine day had a contest with the Indians in good helth. nothing of importance transacting Friday 27 [i.e., 28] a fine day had a Slight turn of falling sickness in sleep feel rather stiff this morning still and dull this afternoon had a contest with the [Indians] Made them kill three dogs for goring one of my pigs and heave them into the bay. went aginst there grein Saturday 28 [i.e., 29] a fine day. in good helth and spirits Sunday 29 [i.e., 30] a fine day been on the Prairie to Mr. Chambers Monday 30 [i.e., May 1] indications of rain. in good helth. buisy all day Tuesday 1 [i.e., 2] of May indications of rain. not in good helth had a turn of falling sickness last night Wednesday 2 [i.e., 3] A fine day had a slight turn last night Sylvester cutting timber. nothing a doing of consequence Thirsday 3 [i.e., 4] quite a pleasant day. not in good helth to day. Friday 4 [i.e., 5] pleasant day helth miserable all day. still Saturday 5 [i.e., 6] helth improving. nothing of importance Sunday 6 [i.e., 7] helth misearable nothing of importance Monday 7 [i.e., 8] helth improving. went to the prairie yesterday Tuesday 8 [i.e., 9] helth improving. nothing of importance Wednesday 10 been to the falls. helth improving. nothing doing Thirsday 11 A fine day Fergerson and rabberson just gone to Nisqually. had a trade with Fergerson for the Milk Friday 12 of May a fine day. helth improving Saturday 13 A fine day just arived from the falls had a turn of sickness. not very heavy in the Cano Sunday 14 A beautiful day in good helth and spirits Monday 15 A fine day. Still nothing a doing of consequence Tuesday 16 A fine day in good helth nothing of consequence Wednesday 17 A fine day helth improving all Still and dull Thursday 18 A fine day A little rain helth imrpving still Friday 19 Rainy and dull. helth on the gain Saturday 20 been to the falls. not in good helth. rainy Sunday 21. rainy. been to the Prairie to day Monday 22. not in good helth. dull and gloomy Tuesday 23. helth on the gain. nothing A Moving. clowdy Wednesday 24 Rainy in the Morning. not in good helth. rainy Thirsday 25 Rainy. helth on the gain. dull and gloomy Friday 26 Rainy. Sylvester started for the Fort on the Raft to day Saturday 27 indications of a clear day. helth about the same. all alone Sunday 28 Indians a Moving to Jims Illehe. [28] helth about the same. Monday 29. helth about the same. still and gloomy. nothing doing Tuesday 30 still. helth on the gain. nothing a doing dull Wednesday 31. last Night Sylvester arived from the Fort. came with nothing. King came last night. nothing of importance this Morning the Cano past up contending against the tide June the 1st 1848 Thirsday Rainy. Sylvester gone to the Prairie. helth about the same nothing a doing in the least Friday 2 on the hol a fine day. helth improving. nothing a doing Saturday 3 a fine day. helth the same. been to the falls with the Cattle Sunday 4 Just came from the falls. in good helth Monday 5 been to the Election [29] . helth about the same Tuesday 6 A fine day. in good helth. not much A doing Wednesday 7 A fine day. helth good. business rather dull Thirsday 8 indications of rain. helth good not Much A doing Friday 9 indications of rain. in good helth. dull times. doing nothing Saturday 10 had a turn of falling sickness lasted only a few Minuits. in very good helth to day. ot much a doing Sunday 11th June 12th been to the Prairie to day Monday 12th a fine day in good helthand spirits to day Tuesday 13 a fine day in good helth. Nothing doing in the least Wednesday 14 appearance of rain. good helth. been to the falls to day The Bishop [30] has ust left going to take a claim below this Thirsday 15 rainy in the Morning. helth about the saim. the Rev Father in God was hear and oncluded the price for the Church Friday 16 been to the falls. in good helth and Spirits Saturday 17 rainy in the Morning. helth good. fixing for starting Sunday 18. Just leaving for the Donswamus [31]. in good helth Monday 19 on the Donswamus bay the bay rather shallow Tuesday 20 started for holm. came up with Glasco [32] Wednesday 21 A fine day. helth improving. Nothing a doing Thirsday 22 A fine day Nothing a Sturing. helth on the gain Friday 23 a warm day. dull nothing doing. helth on the gain to day Saturday 24 helth improving. Esther removed to the falls Sunday 25 been to the falls. Simmons removed down the bay fine warm weather. no Indians about Monday 26 drove the Cows down this Morning. helth very good Tuesday 27 A warm day. Sylvester commensed work with Mr. Simmons helth about the same. Nothing of importance transacting Wednesday 28 A fine day. the Priest arived yesterday at the church Thirsday 29 very warm helth about the same. Friday 30 exceeding warm helth better. Not much a doing all alone no Indians about this is rather A dull way of spending life Saturday 1 of July in good helth. Not much a doing. all alone Sunday 2 appearance of rain. helth about the same. vishionary objects Monday 3 A fine day. helth good. all alone rather melacholy. dull enough Tuesday 4 bought a Cano. this is the forth of july dull doings Wednesday 5 A fine day enjoying good helth. not much a doing. dulness Thirsday 6 A fine day just came from the falls. in good helth Friday 7 A worm day. rather unwell. noth much a sturing Saturday 8 benn to the Mill. not in extream good helth to day Sunday 9 a fine day. helth improving. nothing strange Monday 10 fine day. helth on the gain. Sylvester been at holm to day found one of the hogs dead on the beach this evening Tuesday 11 a fine day Frenshman came affter the Cano. this is a dull day Mr Chambers came here to day and remained all night no news Wednesday 12 a fine day Mr Chambers just started. dull and gloomy helth improving. not the least A doing no one sturing not [even] Indians Thirsday 13 indications of rain. helth good nothing sturing going down bay Friday 14 a warm day in good helth. not much a sturing to day Saturday 15 been to the falls. not in good helth Not much doing Sunday 16 helth better nothing moving Sylvester just arived Monday 17 in good helth buisy in addressing the Governer [33] Tuesday 18 A fine day in good helth nothing doing Wednesday 19 buisy in writing all day Mr Crocket just arived Thirsday 20 a fie day nothing sturing in good helth benn to the Priest Friday 21 nothing doing. buisy in writing. not even a cano passing. Saturday 22 fine in the woods. in good helth. nothing doing Sunday 23 a fine day in good helth meloncholy Monday 24 a fine day. not in good helth. not Much a doing Such [entry unfinished] Tuesday 25 been to the falls. raising the Priests house Wednesday 26 not much a doing. in good helth. all alone Thirsday 27 been sto the Priests. in good helth not much doing Friday 28 in good helth nothing a doing all alone Saturday 29 been to the falls to settle the companys conserns helth good Sunday 30 in good helth nothing a doing Monday 31 been to the raisings on the Prairie read the Message Tuesday 1 of August pulling the pees on the prairie just got holm Wednesday 2 all a lone. in good helth. gethering the gardin seeds Thirsday 3 been to the falls all day. in good helth. nothing new Friday 4 all alone. in good helth. no persons a sturing. Smokey Saturday 5 the Rev Father in God just came and two other Fathers with him. in good helth. nothing a sturing. quite warm to day. Sunday 6 removing the Shingles. helth good, nothing Sturring Monday 7 a fine day. in good helth. Sylvester gone to Eatons Prairie to day Tuesday 8 been to the Prairie to day. in good helth and spirits Wednesday 9 very smokey. in good helth. Indians been here with Salmon Thursday 10 a fine day. in good helth. dull and gloomy nothing doing Friday 11 a fine day in good helth. nothiing a doing. Smokey Saturday 12 a fine day nothing doing. sum Indians passing. Smokey Sunday 13 a fine day. not in good helth. not much a doing Monday 14 very smokey. not in good helth. been to the Priests to day Tuesday 15 very Smokey. in good helth. Strong wind this afternoon Wednesday 16 a fine day. in good helth. nothing doing very dull Thirsday 17 a fine day. in good helth Smokey. very still to day Friday 18 indications of rain. in good helth. nothing doing. Saturday 19 small showers. in good helth. sum Indians passing Nisqually Sunday 20 a fine day been to the Prairie. several people theare not in extream good helth Sylvester gone to the Prairie to day to cut the Wheat Monday 21 the Priest and Mr Bernie [34] just came with Paper in good helth very still. nothing a doing Tuesday 22 a little rain during the night. helth good Started for Eatons Prairie to see Sylvester arived at 3 oclock Wednesday 23 just arived from Eatons Prairie in good helth Thirsday 24 blasing out the trail up to the Falls had a turn of falling sickness going up not in good helth to day Friday 25 a fine day helth on the gain. all alone Saturday 26 a fine day all alone. helth quite good to day Sunday 27 been up to the Prairie to day. in good helth. bought a hog of a Indian Chief for A Blanket in two Months Monday 28 strong indications of Rain all-alone nothing doing as yet. helth quite good. hard Rain this afternoon. Tuesday 29 a fine day. in good helth. very dull nothing sturing --------------------------------------------------- 1. The Ford family came from Missouri to Oregon in 1845 and moved north of the Columbia to Puget Sound during the summer of 1846. they settled on land later taking their name -- Ford's Prairie. The father, Sidney Smith Ford (1801-1866), farmed their claim, near the present site of Centralia. His two sons mentioned in the diary were Sidney Smith, Jr. (1829?1900), who was active in the Yakima Indian War, and Thomas J. (1832?-- ). The father worked hard for the separation of Washington from Oregon, and the entire family was active in later territorial affairs. 2. Samuel Hancock (1824?-1883) came overland as a wagon-train commander in 1845 and in 1847 moved to Tumwater, where he first engaged in the lumber business. He also went to the California mines for a short time in 1849 but returned to be a trader with the Indians living on the Sound. 3. George Wanch (1820?-1891?) was born in Germany but early moved to Missouri, where he met Michael Simmons and friends who were planning an Oregon trip. He went West with them and settled on a donation land claim on the site of the present town of Centralia. He was a gunsmith by trade. (his name is often incorrectly spelled both Wauch and Waunch) 4. Samuel B. Crocket (1824? - 1904?) came to the Sound with the Simmons party in 1845. In 1853 he moved to Whidbey Island, where his parents Colonel and Mrs. Walter Crockett, had recently preceded him. 5. Daniel D. Kinsey (this possibly may have been a Kimsey, but most likely Daniel Kinsey) came to the Sound in 1846. In July, 1847, he and his fiancee', Ruth Brock, became the first American couple married in the new settlement. 6. William Packwood (1813-1897) came with his wife and four children to Oregon in 1844, moving to Puget Sound in March, 1847. He first worked for the Hudson's Bay Company and in 1850 went to the California mines. He returned two years later, finally settling and farming the bottom land of the Nisqually River. 7. William Shepard, probably. He was an early settler in the Northwest. 8. Michael Troutman Simmons (1814-1867), mentioned at length in the preface, was always at the vanguard of early territorial activities. 9. Antonio B. Rabbeson (1824-?) came across the plains from Illinois, first to the Willamette Valley and then, in 1846, to Puget Sound, where he was one of the founders of the Puget Sound Lumber Company, called "the lumber company " hereafter. He fought in the Yakima Indian War, was for a time surveyor of customs, and later engaged in contracting and shipping. Smith first misspells his name Robertson, then Ratterson, Rabberson, and finally realizes that it is Rabbeson. 10. Jesse Ferguson (1824-?) came to the West from Ohio. He went to the Sound with Simmons and was also one of the founders of the Lumber Co. 11. John Karrich Kindred (probably). (1826-1900) who was one of the founders of the Lumber Co., but it could also have been his father, David Kindred (1778- ?). The family had come to the Sound in the original Simmons party. They settled on a farm on Bush Prairie, where they helped in erecting the first school in the region. 12. Gabriel Jones (1802?-?) also came to the Soun in the Simmons party. He and his family then settled on Bush Prairie about two miles below Tumwater. 13. George -- Probably George Wanch [3] but possibly George Bush [19]. 14. James B. McAllister (1812-1855) came with his family in the Simmons party. He made a thwarted attempt to go to the California mines but returned and farmed until the Yakima uprising. A soldier in the Indian war, he was killed on October 27, 1855. 15. Esther -- Probably one of the neighboring squaws. 16. A. D. Carnefix was another of the partners in the Lumber Co., settling at Tumwater in 1847. 17. Jonathan B. Logan came to the Sound with Carnefix and Kindred in 1847 and settled near Budd Inlet. 18. J. Melvin, possibly Josiah Melvin ( -1880) who came to Oregon in 1846. 19. George Washington Bush (1790-1863) and family came to the Northwest in 1844 with the Simmons party and to the Sound country with them in 1845. He located his claim south of Tumwater, the region around his farm taking the name Bush Prairie. 20. William Shaw, possibly. He came to the Sound with Simmons but most likely his son, Benjamin Franklin Shaw (1829-1908) who had come to Oregon in 1844 and to the Sound in 1845. He was a founder of the Lumber Co., was later an important figure in the Yakima Indian War, also served in the territorial government, and finally farmed near the present site of Vancouver, Washington. 21. Keziah Jones (1805?-1868), wife of Gabriel Jones [12] 22. (Dow remains unidentified) 23. (Wing remains unidentified) 24. William Owen Bush (1832-1907) was the son of George Bush [19]. He farmed on Bush Prairie all his life, winning medals at the World's Fair in Chicago for his wheat. He died on the original family donation land claim. 25. (King remains unidentified) 26. Thomas McLain Chambers (1791-1876) came to Oregon in 1845 and settled in the autumn of 1847, next to Sylvester's prairie claim, southeast of Olympia. He erected the first mill in Pierce County near Steilacoom. 27. Judges: S. B. Crockett [4] and John R. Jackson (1800-1873) were the Lewis County Judges at the time. The judge mentioned was probably Jackson whose home near Cowlitz Landing in the southern part of the current Lewis County, was the center of public transactions at the time. Jackson was Washington's first reconnaissance in 1844 and the time of his settling in 1845. 28. Illehe is Chinook for "place," but the location of Jims Illehe could not be determined. 29. This election on June 5 was undoubtedly the one at which Smith was elected Lewis County representative to the Legislature, though the manuscript of the election return (in the Oregon Historical Society Collection) is dated June 25. 30. Reverend Pascal Ricard, the Bishop, or "Rev. Father in God" as Smith calls him, was mentioned in the preface. 31. Donswamus Bay remains unlocated. 32. Thomas W. Glasgow (1816?-?) arrived on Puget Sound in January, 1847. In 1848 he staked a claim and built a cabin on Whidbey Island; later he abandoned this claim and settled near Fort Nisqually. 33. George Abernethy (1808-1877) was governor of Oregon Territory from 1845- 49. 34. James Birnie (1804-1864) was born in Scotland and came to the Northwest in 1818 to work for the North West Fur Company and later for the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1845 he left the employ of the H.B.C. and settled and farmed at Cathlamet. END